VBA - Operators

An Operator can be defined using a simple expression - 4 + 5 is equal to 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called operands and + is called operator. VBA supports following types of operators −

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison Operators
3. Logical (or Relational) Operators
4. Concatenation Operators

The Arithmetic Operators

Following arithmetic operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10, then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds the two operands	A + B will give 15
-	Subtracts the second operand from the first	A - B will give -5
*	Multiplies both the operands	A * B will give 50
/	Divides the numerator by the denominator	B / A will give 2
%	Modulus operator and the remainder after an integer division	B % A will give 0
^	Exponentiation operator	B ^ A will give 100000

VBA - Arithmetic Operators

Following arithmetic operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10, then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds the two operands	A + B will give 15
-	Subtracts the second operand from the first	A - B will give -5
*	Multiplies both the operands	A * B will give 50
/	Divides the numerator by the denominator	B / A will give 2
%	Modulus operator and the remainder after an integer division	B % A will give 0
^	Exponentiation operator	B ^ A will give 100000

Example

Add a button and try the following example to understand all the arithmetic operators available in VBA.

Private Sub Constant_demo_Click()
   Dim a As Integer
   a = 5
   
   Dim b As Integer
   b = 10
   
   Dim c As Double
   
   c = a + b
   MsgBox ("Addition Result is " & c)
   
   c = a - b
   MsgBox ("Subtraction Result is " & c)
   
   c = a * b
   MsgBox ("Multiplication Result is " & c)
   
   c = b / a
   MsgBox ("Division Result is " & c)
   
   c = b Mod a
   MsgBox ("Modulus Result is " & c)
   
   c = b ^ a
   MsgBox ("Exponentiation Result is " & c)
End Sub

When you click the button or execute the above script, it will produce the following result.

Addition Result is 15

Subtraction Result is -5

Multiplication Result is 50

Division Result is 2

Modulus Result is 0

Exponentiation Result is 100000

The Comparison Operators

There are following comparison operators supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A = B) is False.
<>	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition is true.	(A <> B) is True.
>	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A > B) is False.
<	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A < B) is True.
>=	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A >= B) is False.
<=	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A <= B) is True.

VBA - Comparison Operators

There are following comparison operators supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A = B) is False.
<>	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition is true.	(A <> B) is True.
>	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A > B) is False.
<	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A < B) is True.
>=	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A >= B) is False.
<=	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.	(A <= B) is True.

Example

Try the following example to understand all the Comparison operators available in VBA.

Private Sub Constant_demo_Click()
   Dim a: a = 10
   Dim b: b = 20
   Dim c

   If a = b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 1 : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 1 : False")
   End If

   If a<>b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 2 : True")    
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 2 : False")    
   End If

   If a>b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 3 : True")    
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 3 : False")    
   End If

   If a<b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 4 : True")    
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 4 : False")    
   End If

   If a>=b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 5 : True")    
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 5 : False")    
   End If

   If a<=b Then
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 6 : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("Operator Line 6 : False")
   End If

End Sub

When you execute the above script, it will produce the following result.

Operator Line 1 : False

Operator Line 2 : True

Operator Line 3 : False

Operator Line 4 : True

Operator Line 5 : False

Operator Line 6 : True

The Logical Operators

Following logical operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 0, then −

Operator	Description	Example
AND	Called Logical AND operator. If both the conditions are True, then the Expression is true.	a<>0 AND b<>0 is False.
OR	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two conditions are True, then the condition is true.	a<>0 OR b<>0 is true.
NOT	Called Logical NOT Operator. Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.	NOT(a<>0 OR b<>0) is false.
XOR	Called Logical Exclusion. It is the combination of NOT and OR Operator. If one, and only one, of the expressions evaluates to be True, the result is True.	(a<>0 XOR b<>0) is true.

VBA - Logical Operators

Following logical operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 0, then −

Operator	Description	Example
AND	Called Logical AND operator. If both the conditions are True, then the Expression is true.	a<>0 AND b<>0 is False.
OR	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two conditions are True, then the condition is true.	a<>0 OR b<>0 is true.
NOT	Called Logical NOT Operator. Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.	NOT(a<>0 OR b<>0) is false.
XOR	Called Logical Exclusion. It is the combination of NOT and OR Operator. If one, and only one, of the expressions evaluates to be True, the result is True.	(a<>0 XOR b<>0) is true.

Example

Try the following example to understand all the Logical operators available in VBA by creating a button and adding the following function.

Private Sub Constant_demo_Click()
   Dim a As Integer
   a = 10
   Dim b As Integer
   b = 0
      
   If a <> 0 And b <> 0 Then
      MsgBox ("AND Operator Result is : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("AND Operator Result is : False")
   End If

   If a <> 0 Or b <> 0 Then
      MsgBox ("OR Operator Result is : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("OR Operator Result is : False")
   End If

   If Not (a <> 0 Or b <> 0) Then
      MsgBox ("NOT Operator Result is : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("NOT Operator Result is : False")
   End If

   If (a <> 0 Xor b <> 0) Then
      MsgBox ("XOR Operator Result is : True")
   Else
      MsgBox ("XOR Operator Result is : False")
   End If
End Sub

When you save it as .html and execute it in the Internet Explorer, then the above script will produce the following result.

AND Operator Result is : False

OR Operator Result is : True

NOT Operator Result is : False

XOR Operator Result is : True

The Concatenation Operators

Following Concatenation operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10 then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two Values as Variable. Values are Numeric	A + B will give 15
&	Concatenates two Values	A & B will give 510

Assume variable A = "Microsoft" and variable B = "VBScript", then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Concatenates two Values	A + B will give MicrosoftVBScript
&	Concatenates two Values	A & B will give MicrosoftVBScript

Note − Concatenation Operators can be used for both numbers and strings. The output depends on the context, if the variables hold numeric value or string value.

VBA - Concatenation Operators

Following Concatenation operators are supported by VBA.

Assume variable A holds 5 and variable B holds 10 then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two Values as Variable. Values are Numeric	A + B will give 15
&	Concatenates two Values	A & B will give 510

Example

Try the following example to understand the Concatenation operator available in VBScript −

Private Sub Constant_demo_Click()
   Dim a as Integer : a = 5
   Dim b as Integer : b = 10
   Dim c as Integer

   c = a + b  
   msgbox ("Concatenated value:1 is " &c) 'Numeric addition 
   
   c = a & b 
   msgbox ("Concatenated value:2 is " &c) 'Concatenate two numbers 
End Sub

Try the following example to understand all the Logical operators available in VBA by creating a button and adding the following function.

Concatenated value:1 is 15

Concatenated value:2 is 510

Concatenation can also be used for concatenating two strings. Assume variable A = "Microsoft" and variable B = "VBScript" then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Concatenates two Values	A + B will give MicrosoftVBScript
&	Concatenates two Values	A & B will give MicrosoftVBScript

Example

Try the following example to understand all the Logical operators available in VBA by creating a button and adding the following function.

Private Sub Constant_demo_Click()
   Dim a as String : a = "Microsoft"
   Dim b as String : b = "VBScript"
   Dim c as String

   c = a + b 
   msgbox("Concatenated value:1 is " &c) 'addition of two Strings
   
   c = a & b 
   msgbox("Concatenated value:2 is " &c) 'Concatenate two String
End Sub

When you save it as .html and execute it in the Internet Explorer, then the above script will produce the following result.

Concatenated value:1 is MicrosoftVBScript

Concatenated value:2 is MicrosoftVBScript